Candidates
should be able to:
(i)
distinguish
between pure and impure substances;
(ii)
use boiling
and melting points as criteria for purity of chemical substances;
(iii)
distinguish
between elements, compounds and mixture;
(iv)
differentiate
between chemical and physical changes;
(v)
identify the
properties of the components of a mixture;
(vi)
Specify the
principle involved in each separation method.
(vii)
Apply the
basic principle of separation processes in everyday life.
Candidates
should be able to:
(i)
perform
simple calculations involving formulae, equations/chemical composition and
the mole concept;
(ii)
deduce the
chemical laws from given expressions/statements/data;
(iii)
interpret
graphical representations related to these laws;
(iv)
Deduce the
stoichiometry of chemical reactions.
Candidates
should be able to:
(i)
apply the
theory to distinguish between solids, liquids and gases;
(ii)
deduce
reasons for change of state;
(iii) draw inferences based on molecular motion;
(iv) deduce gas laws from given expressions/
statements;
(v) interpret graphical representations related to
these laws;
(vi) perform simple calculations based on these laws,
equations and relationships
Candidates should be able to:
(i)
distinguish
between atoms, molecules and ions;
(ii)
identify the
contributions of these scientists to the development of the atomic
structure;
(iii)
deduce the
number of protons, neutrons and electrons from atomic and mass numbers of
an atom;
(iv)
apply the
rules guiding the arrangement of electrons in an atom;
(v)
identity
common elements exhibiting isotopy;
(vi)
relate
isotopy to mass number;
(vii)
perform
simple calculations relating to isotopy;
(viii)
differentiate
between the shapes of the orbitals;
(ix)
determine the
number of electrons in s and p atomic orbitals;
(x)
relate atomic
number to the position of an element on the periodic table;
(xi)
relate
properties of groups of elements on the periodic table;
(xii)
identify
reasons for variation in properties across the period and down the groups.
(xiii)
differentiate
between the different types of bonding.
(xiv)
deduce bond
types based on electron configurations;
(xv)
relate the
nature of bonding to properties of compounds;
(xvi) differentiate between the various shapes of
molecules
(xvii)
distinguish
between ordinary chemical reaction and nuclear reaction;
(xviii)
differentiate
between natural and artificial radioactivity;
(xix)
compare the
properties of the different types of nuclear radiations;
(xx)
compute
simple calculations on the half-life of a radioactive material;
(xxi)
balance
simple nuclear equation;
(xxii)
identify the
various applications of radioactivity.
Candidates should be able to:
(i)
deduce reason
(s) for the existence of air as a mixture;
(ii)
identify the
principle involved in the separation of air components;
(iii)
deduce
reasons for the variation in the composition of air in the environment;
(iv)
specify the
uses of some of the constituents of air.
Candidates should be able to:
(i)
identify the
various uses of water;
(ii)
identity the
effects of dissolved atmospheric gases in water;
(iii) distinguish between the properties of hard and
soft water;
(iv) determine the causes of hardness;
(v)
identify
methods of removal of hardness;
(vi) describe the processes involved in the treatment
of water for town supply;
(vii) distinguish between these phenomena;
(viii) Identify the various compounds that exhibit these
phenomena.
Candidates should be able to:
(i)
distinguish
between the different types of solutions;
(ii)
interpret
solubility curves;
(iii) calculate the amount of solute that can dissolve
in a given amount of solvent at a given emperature;
(iv)
deduce that solubility is temperature-dependent;
(v)
relate nature
of solvents to their uses;
(vi) differentiate among true solution, suspension and
colloids;
(vii) Compare the properties of a true solution and a
‘false’ solution.
(viii) Provide typical examples of suspensions and
colloids.
Candidates should be able to:
(i)
identify the
different types of pollution and pollutants;
(ii)
specify
different sources of pollutants
(iii)
classify
pollutants as biodegradable and non-biodegradable;
(iv)
specify the
effects of pollution on the environment;
(v)
Identify
measures for control of environmental pollution.
Candidates should be able to:
(i)
distinguish
between the properties of acids and bases;
(ii)
identify the
different types of acids and bases;
(iii)
determine the
basicity of acids;
(iv)
differentiate
between acidity and alkalinity using acid/base indicators;
(v)
identify the
various methods of preparation of salts;
(vi)
classify
different types of salts;
(vii)
relate degree
of dissociation to strength of acids and bases; relate degree of
dissociation to conductance;
(viii)
perform
simple calculations on pH and pOH;
(ix)
identify the
appropriate acid-base indicator;
(x)
interpret
graphical representation of titration curves;
(xi)
perform
simple calculations based on the mole concept;
(xii)
balance
equations for the hydrolysis of salts;
(xiii)
Deduce the
properties (acidic, basic, neutral) of the resultant solution.
Candidates should be able to:
(i)
identify the
various forms of expressing oxidation and reduction;
(ii)
classify
chemical reactions in terms of oxidation or reduction;
(iii) balance redox reaction equations;
(iv) deduce the oxidation number of chemical species;
(v)
compute the
number of electron transfer in redox reactions;
(vi) identify the name of redox species in a reaction
(vii) Distinguish between oxidizing and reducing agents
in redox reactions.
(viii) apply oxidation number in naming inorganic compounds
(ix) Relate reagents to their oxidizing and reducing abilities.
Candidates should be able to:
(i)
distinguish
between electrolytes and non-electrolytes;
(ii)
Perform
calculations based on faraday as a mole of electrons.
(iii) Identify suitable electrodes for different electrolytes.
(iv) specify the chemical reactions at the electrodes;
(v)
determine the
products at the electrodes;
(vi) identify the factors that affect the products of
electrolysis;
(vii) specify the different areas of application of electrolysis;
(viii) identify the various electrochemical cells;
(ix) calculate electrode potentials using half-cell
reaction equations;
(x)
determine the
different areas of application of electrolytic processes;
(xi) Identify methods used in protecting metals.
Candidates should be able to:
(i)
determine the
types of heat changes (ΔH) in physical and chemical processes;
(ii) interpret graphical representations of heat changes;
(iii) relate the physical state of a substance to the
degree of orderliness;
(iv) determine the conditions for spontaneity of a
reaction ;
(v) relate ΔH0, ΔS0 and ΔG0 as the driving forces for
chemical reactions;
(vi) solve simple problems based on the relationships
ΔG0= ΔH0 -TΔS0
Candidates should be able to:
(i)
identify the
factors that affect the rates of a chemical reaction;
(ii)
determine the
effects of temperature on the rate of reactions;
(iii)
examine the
effect of concentration/pressure on the rate of a chemical reaction;
(iv)
describe how
the rate of a chemical reaction is affected by surface area;
(v)
determine the
types of catalysts suitable for different reactions and their effects;
(vi)
Determine
ways of moderating these effects in chemical reactions.
(vii)
interpret
reaction rate curves;
(viii)
solve simple
problems on the rate of reactions;
(ix)
Relate the
rate of reaction to the kinetic theory of matter.
(x)
Examine the
significance of activation energy to chemical reactions.
(xi)
Deduce the
value of activation energy (Ea) from reaction rate curves.
Candidates should be able to:
(i) identify the factors that affects the position of
equilibrium of a chemical reaction;
(ii) predict the effects of each factor on the position
of equilibrium;
(iii) Determine the effects of these factors on
equilibrium constant.
Candidates should be able to:
(i)
Predict
reagents for the laboratory and industrial preparation of these gases and
their compounds.
(ii)
Identify the
properties of the gases and their compounds.
(iii)
Compare the
properties of these gases and their compounds.
(iv)
specify the
uses of each gas and its compounds;
(v)
Determine the
specific test for each gas and its compounds.
(vi)
determine
specific tests for Cl-, SO42-, SO32-, S2-, NH4+, NO3-, CO32-, HCO−
(vii)
predict the
reagents for preparation, properties and uses HCl(g) and HCl(aq);
(viii)
identify the
allotropes of oxygen;
(ix)
Determine the
significance of ozone to our environment.
(x)
classify the
oxides of oxygen and their properties
(xi)
identify the
allotropes of sulphur and their uses;
(xii)
predict the
reagents for preparation, properties and uses of SO2 and H2S;
(xiii)
Specify the
preparations of H2SO4 and H2SO3, their properties and uses.
(xiv)
specify the
laboratory and industrial preparation of NH3;
(xv)
identify the
properties and uses of NH3;
(xvi)
identify
reagents for the laboratory preparation of HNO3, its
properties and uses;
(xvii)
Specify the properties of N2O, NO, NO2 gases.
(xviii)
Examine the
relevance of nitrogen cycle to the environment.
(xix)
identify
allotropes of carbon;
(xx)
predict reagents
for the laboratory preparation of CO2;
(xxi)
specify the
properties of CO2 and its uses;
(xxii)
determine the
reagents for the laboratory preparation of CO;
(xxiii)
predict the
effects of CO on human;
(xxiv)
identify the
different forms of coal:
(xxv)
determine
their uses;
(xxvi)
specify the
products of the destructive distillation of wood and coal;
(xxvii)
Specify the
uses of coke and synthetic gas.
Candidates should be able to:
(i)
specify the
general properties of metals;
(ii)
determine the
method of extraction suitable for each metal;
(iii)
relate the
methods of extraction to the properties for the metals;
(iv)
compare the
chemical reactivities of the metals;
(v)
specify the
uses of the metals;
(vi)
determine
specific test for metallic ions;
(vii)
determine the
process for the production of the compounds of these metals;
(viii)
compare the
chemical reactivities of the compounds;
(ix)
specify the
uses of these compounds;
(x)
specify the chemical composition of cement.
(xi)
describe the
method of purification of bauxite;
(xii)
specify the
ores of tin;
(xiii)
relate the
method of extraction to its properties;
(xiv)
specify the
uses of tin;
(xv)
identify the
general properties of the first transition metals;
(xvi)
deduce
reasons for the specific properties of the transition metals;
(xvii)
determine the
IUPAC names of simple transition metal complexes
(xviii)
determine the
suitable method of extraction of iron;
(xix)
specify the
properties and uses of iron;
(xx)
Identify the
different forms of iron, their compositions, properties and uses.
(xxi)
identify the
appropriate method of extraction of copper from its compounds;
(xxii)
Relate the
properties of copper and its compound to their uses.
(xxiii)
specify the
method for the preparation of CuSO4;
(xxiv)
Specify the
constituents and uses of the various alloys mentioned.
(xxv)
Compare the
properties and uses of alloys to pure metals.
Candidates should be able to:
(i)
derive the
name of organic compounds from their general formulae;
(ii)
relate the
name of a compound to its structure;
(iii)
relate the
tetravalency of carbon to its ability to form chains of compound
(catenation);
(iv)
classify
compounds according to their functional groups;
(v)
derive
empirical formula and molecular formula, from given data;
(vi)
relate
structure/functional groups to specific properties;
(vii)
derive various isomeric forms from a given formula;
(viii)
distinguish
between the different types of isomerism;
(ix)
classify the
various types of hydrocarbons;
(x)
distinguish
each class of hydrocarbons by their properties;
(xi)
specify the
uses of various hydrocarbons;
(xii)
identify
crude oil as a complex mixture of hydrocarbons;
(xiii)
relate the
fractions of hydrocarbons to their properties and uses;
(xiv)
relate
transformation processes to quality improvement of the fractions;
(xv)
distinguish
between various polymerization processes;
(xvi)
specify the
process involved in vulcanization;
(xvii)
specify
chemical test for terminal alkynes
(xviii)
distinguish
between aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons;
(xix)
relate the
properties of benzene to its structure
(xx)
compare the
various classes of alkanols;
(xxi)
determine the
processes involved in ethanol production;
(xxii)
examine the
importance of ethanol as an alternative energy provider;
(xxiii)
distinguish
the various classes of alkanols;
(xxiv)
differentiate
between alkanals and lkanones;
(xxv)
compare the various types of alkanoic acids;
(xxvi)
identify
natural sources of alkanoates;
(xxvii)
specify the
methods for the production of soap, detergent and margarine.
(xxviii)
distinguish
between detergent and soap;
(xxix)
compare the
various classes of alkanamine;
(xxx)
identify the
natural sources of carbohydrates;
(xxxi)
compare the
various classes of carbohydrates;
(xxxii)
infer the
products of hydrolysis and dehydration of carbohydrates;
(xxxiii)
determine the
uses of carbohydrates;
(xxxiv)
specify the
tests for simple sugars;
(xxxv)
identify the
basic structure of proteins;
(xxxvi)
specify the
methods and products of hydrolysis;
(xxxvii)
specify the
various tests for proteins;
(xxxviii)
distinguish
between natural and synthetic polymers;
(xxxix)
differentiate
between addition and condensation polymerization processes;
(xl)
classify
natural and commercial polymers and their uses;
(xli)
Distinguish
between thermoplastics and thermosetting plastics.
Candidates should be able to :
(i)
classify
chemical industries in terms of products;
(ii)
identify raw
materials for each industry;
(iii)
distinguish
between fine and heavy chemicals;
(iv)
enumerate the
relevance of each of these industries;
(v)
Relate
industrial processes to biotechnology.
|
A large part of Alfa Chemistry's customers are pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, including Pfizer, Novartis, Merck & Co., Johnson & Johnson, AstraZeneca, and Bayer. Alfa Chemistry is also a preferred partner for many universities and non-profit institutes. 1-pentyl3-methylimidazolium thiocyanate
ReplyDelete